KEY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR ECOLOGICAL BENEFITS_207_HARTRANFT

Guiding principles for ecological restoration of aquatic resources have been applied to project planning, design and implementation that addresses the most prevalent aquatic resource degradations in Pennsylvania. These principles were developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency over a quarter century ago and we demonstrate their continued applicability and refinement for natural aquatic resource restoration projects. After more than a decade of project implementations and results, the resiliency of restored aquatic ecosystem characteristics and processes provide multiple benefits and outcomes. These multiple benefits increase the cost-effectiveness of ecological focused restoration projects.